Biology Diseases

Explanation

The 'Wolbachia method' involves infecting mosquitoes with the bacterium Wolbachia, which helps reduce the transmission of viral diseases like dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. When mosquitoes carrying Wolbachia mate with wild mosquitoes, the offspring are unable to transmit these diseases effectively, thus aiding in controlling the spread of viral diseases by mosquitoes.

Explanation

B cells and T cells are key components of the immune system that work together to protect the body from diseases caused by pathogens. B cells produce antibodies that can neutralize pathogens, while T cells can directly kill infected cells. This coordinated response helps the body to defend against various infections and diseases.

Explanation

Sputnik V vaccine is manufactured using a vector-based platform, where a harmless virus acts as a vector to deliver genetic material into cells. COVAXIN, on the other hand, is an inactivated pathogen-based vaccine, which uses killed virus particles to stimulate an immune response. These facts support the correctness of the statements 2 and 3 only.

Explanation

Adenoviruses have double-stranded DNA genomes, not single-stranded DNA genomes. Retroviruses, on the other hand, have single-stranded RNA genomes. Adenoviruses can cause the common cold, while retroviruses like HIV are responsible for AIDS.

Explanation

ACE2 is a protein found on the surface of cells in the human body, particularly in the lungs and other organs. It acts as the receptor for the spike protein of coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-2, facilitating their entry into cells. Therefore, discussions around ACE2 are often related to the spread and infection mechanisms of viral diseases like COVID-19.

Explanation

Certain animals such as bats, bears, and rodents exhibit a behavior called hibernation, where they enter a state of prolonged deep sleep to conserve energy during the winter months.

Explanation

In this biology question, it was asked whether the statements about Hepatitis B being more infectious than HIV/AIDS and its ability to cause liver cancer are correct. The correct answer is both statements are true. Hepatitis B is indeed much more infectious than HIV/AIDS, being 50-100 times more so, and it is also known to potentially lead to liver cancer.

Explanation

Among the diseases listed, typhoid and cholera are transmitted through contaminated water sources. Hepatitis B is spread through contact with infected blood, while Chikungunya is transmitted by mosquito bites. Therefore, the waterborne diseases in the list are typhoid and cholera.

Explanation

Both statements are true. Hepatitis B is significantly more contagious than HIV/AIDS, being 50-100 times more infectious, and can lead to the development of liver cancer.

Explanation

Bird flu, also known as Avian influenza, is triggered by the influenza A virus.

Explanation

The Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine for the year 2006 were recognized for their work on RNA interference, specifically on the mechanism of gene silencing by double-stranded RNA.

Explanation

In the context of Meningococcal Meningitis, it is important to note that the disease is not spread through mosquito bites but through respiratory droplets. Symptoms of Meningococcal Meningitis include vomiting and neck pain. Therefore, the correct statement is that vomiting and neck pain are symptoms of the disease.

Explanation

ELISA test is commonly used as the initial test for detecting HIV antibodies in individuals. The Rh+ blood group is present in over 85% of the population.

Explanation

In this question, we have three statements related to dengue. The correct information is that dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes. Retro-orbital pain is a symptom of dengue, and skin rash and bleeding from the nose and gums are also symptoms. Therefore, the correct statement among the given options is that only the third statement is accurate, making option (b) the correct choice.

Explanation

All the diseases listed - foot and mouth disease, anthrax, black quarter, and cowpox - are infectious diseases that affect milching animals.

Explanation

In the human body, the femur is the longest bone, and cholera is a disease caused by bacteria. However, 'Athlete's foot' is a fungal infection, not a viral disease. Therefore, statements 1 and 2 are correct, making option (a) the correct choice.

Explanation

Foot and mouth disease, also known as hoof and mouth disease, is a viral infection that impacts domestic and wild animals with cloven hooves.

Explanation

Antigens are substances that activate the immune system to generate antibodies.

Explanation

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infection can occur through the consumption of contaminated milk.

Explanation

An antigen is a foreign substance that enters the body and triggers the immune system to produce antibodies in response.

Explanation

Cancer is a condition marked by abnormal cell proliferation. A carcinogen is a substance that causes cancer.

Explanation

Among the given options, the correct match is Malaria being caused by a protozoan parasite. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria, Ring worm by a fungus, and Poliomyelitis by a virus.

Explanation

Haemophilia is a genetic disorder that is inherited through sex-linked recessive traits. It causes a delay in the clotting process of blood.

Explanation

Ergotism occurs when individuals consume grains that have been contaminated by the ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea), especially rye.

Explanation

In the given matching exercise, we need to match each disease from List-I (A. Malaria, B. Filariasis, C. Encephalitis, D. Dengue) with the corresponding mosquito from List-II (1. Anopheles mosquito, 2. Culex mosquito, 3. Aedes aegypti, 4. Mansoides). The correct matches are: Malaria - Anopheles mosquito, Filariasis - Mansoides, Encephalitis - Culex mosquito, Dengue - Aedes aegypti. Therefore, the correct answer is option (c): A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3.

Explanation

Out of the diseases listed, only smallpox has been completely eliminated from India. This means that smallpox no longer exists in the country.

Explanation

In this question, you were asked to match different diseases with the parts of the body they affect. Malaria affects blood cells, Filaria affects lymph nodes, Encephalitis affects the brain, and Leukaemia affects the bone marrow. The correct match is Malaria with blood cells, Filaria with lymph nodes, Encephalitis with the brain, and Leukaemia with bone marrow, which corresponds to option (b).

Explanation

An antigen is a foreign substance that enters an organism's body and prompts an immune response.

Explanation

In India, only Smallpox has been completely eradicated among the diseases listed, which are Diphtheria, Chickenpox, and Smallpox.

Explanation

Rifampicin is a medication that is effective in treating tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Explanation

Diabetes mellitus is a common disease in adults that is associated with certain factors. In this case, the correct options are having lower sugar levels in the blood and lower insulin levels in the blood. This disease is caused by a deficiency of the hormone insulin, which plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels.

Explanation

In the given statements, AIDS can be transmitted through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, and across the placenta. Mosquitoes and other blood-sucking insects do not play a role in spreading the disease. Therefore, the correct option is (b) 1, 2 and 4 are correct.

Explanation

Cholera, Typhoid, and Jaundice are diseases that can be transmitted through contaminated water sources. When people drink water from shallow hand pumps, there is a risk of the water being contaminated with disease-causing germs. However, Fluorosis is not a disease that is typically transmitted through water contamination from shallow hand pumps.

Explanation

Among the given options, the set that is correctly matched is option (b) which includes Colour blindness, Haemophilia, and Sickle cell anaemia as sex-linked diseases. The other options do not have correctly matched diseases with their respective categories.