Botany Plant Physiology

Explanation

Cassava is a shrubby perennial plant, not a woody shrub. Ginger is a herb with a pseudostem, which is correct. Malabar spinach is a herbaceous climber, which is also correct. Mint is a perennial herb, not an annual shrub. Papaya is a tree-like herbaceous plant, not a woody shrub. Therefore, only three pairs are correctly matched.

Explanation

Certain plants, specifically those that utilize CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) such as desert plants, exhibit the behavior of opening their stomata during nighttime and closing them during daytime to save water. This phenomenon is not observed in all plants, aquatic plants, or epiphytic plants.

Explanation

In the process of photosynthesis, free energy is transformed into potential energy and then stored.

Explanation

When seedlings are transplanted, their delicate roots can be damaged by the disturbance caused during the process. These tiny root hairs can go into shock, affecting the plant's ability to adapt to the new soil. As a result, the transplanted seedlings may struggle to establish themselves and may even die due to the loss of these root hairs.

Explanation

When seedlings are transplanted, their fine roots are damaged, resulting in the loss of root hairs. This can cause the plant to struggle to readjust to its new environment, leading to a risk of drying up and ultimately dying. This is why many transplanted seedlings do not grow successfully.

Explanation

In desert environments, plants have adapted to reduce water loss by having leaves that are hard and waxy, being very small or even lacking leaves altogether, and having thorns in place of leaves. These modifications help desert plants conserve water effectively.

Explanation

In desert areas, plants have evolved certain leaf modifications to prevent water loss. These include having hard and waxy leaves that are waterproof when the stomata are closed, reducing surface area by having tiny leaves or no leaves at all to conserve water, and some plants have thorns instead of leaves. These adaptations help desert plants survive in arid conditions by minimizing water loss.

Explanation

In desert areas, plants have evolved certain leaf modifications to reduce water loss. These include having hard and waxy leaves, tiny leaves, and thorns instead of leaves. These adaptations help desert plants to conserve water effectively. The correct answer is option (d), which includes all three modifications.

Explanation

Removing the bark of a tree in a circular manner near its base causes it to dry up and die because the roots are deprived of energy. This prevents water from the soil from reaching the aerial parts, leading to the tree's demise. The phloem layer of tissue beneath the bark is vital for transporting nutrients from the leaves to the roots.

Explanation

Both statements are accurate. Sweet orange plants are typically propagated using grafting, while jasmine plants are propagated using layering.

Explanation

Polyploidy is a phenomenon where cells and organisms have more than the usual two sets of paired chromosomes, leading to the control of multiple characteristics. This is the phenomenon exhibited by Chrysanthemum plants.

Explanation

Mycorrhiza is a beneficial partnership between fungi and the roots of higher plants that aids in the absorption of nutrients.

Explanation

Seedless tomato fruits can be created by applying hormones such as auxins on the flowers, which stimulate parthenocarpy.

Explanation

The correct answer is option (d) Potato. It is a modified stem known as a tuber. Carrot and sweet potato, on the other hand, are modified roots. Coconut, however, is classified as a fruit.

Explanation

Desert plants often bloom at night because the insects that pollinate them are most active during the nighttime in desert environments.