British Expansion India

Explanation

Under the Permanent Settlement introduced by Cornwallis in Bengal, if the Zamindar failed to pay the fixed revenue amount to the state on time, he would risk losing his Zamindari. This provision aimed to ensure timely revenue collection and accountability from the Zamindars. The standardization of weights and measures was not a part of the Permanent Settlement in Bengal during Cornwallis' time.

Explanation

The Governor General of Bengal was designated as the Governor General of India by the Charter Act of 1833. This Act aimed to centralize and consolidate British rule in India by transferring control from the East India Company to the British Crown. It established the Governor General of India as the supreme authority over British territories in India.

Explanation

The Government of India Act of 1935 did indeed introduce reserved seats for women in the legislature, marking an important step towards their political representation. However, the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 did not recommend granting voting rights to all women above the age of 21; instead, it introduced limited franchise based on property qualifications.

Explanation

The cultivation of indigo in India saw a decline at the start of the 20th century primarily due to its lack of profitability in the global market, which was a result of the introduction of new synthetic dyes during the late 19th century.

Explanation

Lord Wellesley established Fort William College in Calcutta to provide thorough training for European civil servants. The college offered a three-year training program to prepare civil servants for their administrative roles in India during Lord Wellesley's tenure from 1798 to 1805.

Explanation

During the first half of the nineteenth century, the Industrial Revolution had a significant impact on India. Indian handicrafts suffered as a result, while machines were introduced in large numbers to the Indian textile industry. Additionally, railway lines were not widely established until after the 1850s. Furthermore, heavy duties were imposed on the imports of British manufactures. Therefore, option (a) - Indian handicrafts were ruined - correctly explains the impact of the Industrial Revolution on India during this period.

Explanation

The Charter Act of 1813 marked the end of the trade monopoly of the English East India Company in India, asserted the British Crown's sovereignty over the Company's Indian territories, and specified that the Company held these territories as a trust for the British monarch and their successors. Therefore, all three statements regarding the Charter Act of 1813 are accurate.

Explanation

The Charter Act of 1813 marked the end of the East India Company's trade monopoly in India, except for tea and trade with China. It also established the British Crown's sovereignty over Indian territories controlled by the Company. Additionally, the Act transferred control of India's revenues to the British Parliament. The correct statements are 1 and 2 only, as indicated by option (a).

Explanation

Following the Santhal Uprising, the colonial government took certain actions. They established a region known as 'Santhal Paraganas' and enacted a law that prohibited Santhals from transferring land to non-Santhals.

Explanation

During the mid-18th century, the English East India Company primarily exported cotton, silk, saltpetre, and opium from Bengal. These commodities were in high demand in Europe, with opium specifically being sent to China. Additionally, other significant imports from India during this time included indigo and saltpetre.

Explanation

The system of Subsidiary Alliance introduced by Lord Wellesley had key features such as maintaining a large standing army at other's expense, keeping India safe from Napoleonic danger, and establishing British paramountcy over the Indian States. However, the statement that does not apply to this system is securing a fixed income for the Company, making option (c) the correct choice.

Explanation

The British rule in India during the 19th century led to a significant change in the Indian economy, particularly in the realm of agriculture. The commercialization of Indian agriculture was a prominent outcome of this period.

Explanation

The introduction of English education in India was influenced by multiple factors, including the Charter Act of 1813, the General Committee of Public Instruction in 1823, and the Orientalist and Anglicist Controversy. These elements collectively played a role in the establishment of English education in India.

Explanation

In the history of the Indian National Movement, the introduction of the Ryotwari Settlement in India during British rule was associated with Lord Cornwallis, Alexander Reed, and Thomas Munro. Lord Cornwallis was actually linked to the Permanent Settlement system in 1793, not the Ryotwari Settlement. Therefore, option 1 is incorrect, leading to the correct answer being option (c) 2 and 3 only.

Explanation

Queen Victoria's Proclamation of 1858 had two main goals: to explicitly state that there was no plan to annex Indian States and to bring the Indian administration under direct control of the British Crown. The Proclamation did not aim to regulate the trade between the East India Company and India. The correct answer to the question is option (a), which includes the first two objectives.

Explanation

The Ilbert Bill controversy arose from a proposal that would have allowed British subjects to avoid being tried by Indian magistrates. This caused strong protests from the Indian community.

Explanation

In the Ryotwari Settlement system, peasants paid rent directly to the Government and received land titles known as Pattas. Additionally, lands were surveyed and assessed before taxation. The correct statements are 1, 2, and 3, as all of them are accurate.

Explanation

Raja Todarmal, a minister of Akbar, implemented the system of assessing land revenue. Babur utilized mobile cannons during the Battle of Panipat in 1526. The cultivation of tobacco and red chillies was introduced by the Portuguese. In this context, it can be concluded that none of the mentioned practices were brought into India by the English.

Explanation

The increase in litigation following Lord Cornwallis' land settlement system in 1793 is often attributed to the removal of Court Fees, allowing anyone to take legal action against another. Additionally, the expansion of the right of appeal also contributed to this trend.

Explanation

In the 19th century, the main factor that led to tribal uprisings in India was the complete upheaval of the traditional agrarian system within tribal communities. This disruption caused by external influences significantly altered the long-standing structures that had been in place for generations.

Explanation

During the colonial rule in India, 'Home Charges' played a significant role in draining wealth from the country. 'Home Charges' consisted of funds used for supporting the India office in London, paying salaries and pensions of British personnel working in India, and financing wars fought outside India by the British. The correct option is (d), as all three categories of funds were part of 'Home Charges'.

Explanation

Lord Cornwallis (1786-93) is credited with establishing and structuring the civil services, which eventually evolved into the Indian Civil Service.

Explanation

Lord Cornwallis introduced a regulation in 1793 that stripped the District Collector of his judicial powers, assigning him solely as a collecting agent. This decision was made because Lord Cornwallis believed that concentrating extensive power in the hands of one person, the District Collector, was undesirable. He felt that such absolute power in one individual was not ideal. This move aimed to prevent the Collector from having control over both judicial and revenue collection functions.

Explanation

In March 1942, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill dispatched a delegation led by Stafford Cripps to India with constitutional suggestions.

Explanation

The British removed the ruler of Awadh from power in 1856, citing misgovernance as the reason. The other three options were annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse by Lord Dalhousie.

Explanation

During Lord Ripon's tenure, the First Factory Act was enacted in 1881. This law set limits on the working hours for women and children who were seven years old and above.

Explanation

The statement that Robert Clive was the first Governor-General of Bengal is false. Warren Hastings actually held the position of the first governor-general of Bengal.

Explanation

The British built their first fort in India at Fort St George in Chennai in 1644, followed by Fort St David in Madras in 1670 and Fort William in Calcutta in 1781. Fort St Angelo in Kerala, constructed by the Portuguese in 1505, was not the first fort built by the British in India.

Explanation

The Charter Act of 1853 did not abolish the East India Company's monopoly on Indian trade. Instead, it was the Charter Act of 1813 that ended the company's exclusive control over Indian trade. The Government of India Act of 1858, on the other hand, marked the British Parliament taking over the direct rule of India from the East India Company. So, the correct statement is that the second statement is accurate.

Explanation

The Vernacular Press Act was introduced by Lord Lytton in 1878 and later abolished by Lord Ripon in 1882. Lord Ripon is the one who repealed the Vernacular Press Act among the options provided in the question.

Explanation

In the given statements, the first one is incorrect. Lord Curzon, not Warren Hastings, was the first Governor General to establish a regular police force in India following the British model. Secondly, the Regulating Act of 1773 established a Supreme Court at Fort Williams in Calcutta. The Indian Penal Code was implemented in 1860. Therefore, the correct statements are 2 and 3, making option (b) the correct choice.

Explanation

The question asks which pairs of historical events are matched correctly. The correct pairings are: the Third Mysore War from 1790 to 1792 and the First Anglo-Burmese War from 1824 to 1826.

Explanation

The Vernacular Press Act, established by Lord Lytton in 1878, was abolished by Ripon in 1882. This act was incorrectly matched with Lord Curzon in the given pair.

Explanation

During the British rule in India, the Viceroys in question were Lord Curzon, Lord Chelmsford, Lord Hardinge, and Lord Irwin. The correct chronological order of their tenure is Lord Curzon (1899-1905), Lord Hardinge (1910-1916), Lord Chelmsford (1916-1921), and Lord Irwin (1926-1931).

Explanation

During British rule in India, the princely States of Jhansi, Sambalpur, and Satara were annexed in a specific order. The correct chronological sequence of their annexation by the British was Satara in 1848, Sambalpur in 1849, and Jhansi in 1854. These states were incorporated into British territory under the Doctrine of Lapse by Lord Dalhousie.

Explanation

In the colonial era in India, the Whitley Commission was established with the aim of examining the current state of labor conditions and providing suggestions for improvement. The Royal Commission on Labour in India, led by Whitley, presented its findings in 1931.

Explanation

The Charter Act of 1833 did not specifically mention the appointment of an Indian as a law member in the Governor-General's Council.

Explanation

During the colonial rule in India, the Ilbert Bill of 1883 aimed to equalize the criminal jurisdiction of courts for both Indians and Europeans. This bill was presented during the tenure of Lord Rippon as Viceroy.

Explanation

In the India Act of 1935, the British sought to bring the princely states into the Federal Union to leverage the influence of the princes in offsetting the anti-imperialist beliefs of nationalist leaders.

Explanation

In the given question, we are asked to match the Acts of the Colonial Government of India with their corresponding provisions. The Regulating Act, passed in 1773, and the Pitt's India Act, passed in 1784, are the Acts in question. The options provided include provisions such as setting up a Board of Control, ending the Company's trade monopoly in India, transferring the power to govern from the East India Company to the British Crown, and requiring the Company's directors to present correspondence to the British government. By matching the Acts with their provisions correctly, we arrive at the answer (a) A – 2; B – 4; C – 3; D – 1.

Explanation

In the Permanent Settlement of 1793, Zamindars were supposed to provide pattas to the farmers, but many Zamindars did not fulfill this obligation. This was because there was no official oversight over the Zamindars. This lack of monitoring allowed Zamindars to neglect issuing pattas to the farmers. This system was established by Lord Cornwallis in 1793, where Zamindars became the landowners and the British received a fixed share of 10/11th of the revenue collected by the Zamindars.

Explanation

During the time of Dalhousie, the last significant expansion of British Indian territory occurred through the Doctrine of Lapse, which resulted in the annexation of regions like Jhansi, Satara, Jaitpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, and Nagpur. Additionally, the mismanagement of Awadh also led to its incorporation into British India.

Explanation

The British constitutional experiment in India that lasted for the shortest period was the Indian Council Act of 1909. The Indian Council Act of 1861 was in effect for 31 years, the Indian Council Act of 1892 for 17 years, and the Government of India Act of 1919 for 16 years.

Explanation

The term 'imperial preference' referred to a proposed system of mutually beneficial tariffs or free trade agreements among various Dominions and Colonies within the British Commonwealth of Nations.

Explanation

Lord Lytton (1876-1880) was the Governor-General who implemented an assertive 'Forward' policy towards Afghanistan.

Explanation

During the period when Napoleon was causing the downfall of empires in Europe, Lord Hastings was the Governor-General who ensured that the British maintained their influence and control in India. Lord Hastings served as Governor-General from 1813 to 1823.

Explanation

In the given matching exercise, the events of the First Anglo-Burmese War, First Anglo-Afghan War, First Anglo-Maratha War, and Second Anglo-Mysore War are paired with the respective years of 1775, 1780, 1824, and 1838. The correct matching is A – 3; B – 4; C – 1; D – 2, which signifies that the events occurred in the years as follows: First Anglo-Burmese War in 1824, First Anglo-Afghan War in 1838, First Anglo-Maratha War in 1775, and Second Anglo-Mysore War in 1780.

Explanation

Captain William Sleeman was chosen by Lord William Bentinck during his tenure as Governor-General of India from 1828 to 1835 to combat the activities of the thugs.

Explanation

In the evolution of Indian education, the sequence of significant landmarks is as follows: Hindu College in Calcutta was established in 1817, followed by Adam's Report from 1835 to 1838. Wood's Despatch came next in 1854, and finally, the University of Calcutta was founded in 1858. The correct chronological order of these landmarks is 1, 3, 4, 2, as indicated in option (a).