Indian Geography Agriculture

Explanation

The irrigation device called 'Araghatta' consisted of a large wheel with earthen pots tied to the outer ends of its spokes. This device was used to lift water from wells or rivers for irrigation purposes in ancient India. The rotation of the wheel caused the pots to fill with water and then empty into a trough, allowing for efficient water distribution in agricultural fields.

Explanation

India is the largest producer and exporter of turmeric globally. More than 30 varieties of turmeric are cultivated in India, showcasing the diversity of this crop. Major turmeric producing states in India include Maharashtra, Telangana, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu, contributing significantly to the country's turmeric production.

Explanation

Brazil is the world's largest ethanol producer, not the United States. In Brazil, sugarcane is the primary feedstock for ethanol production, while in the United States, corn is the principal feedstock. Therefore, Statement II is correct, but Statement I is not accurate.

Explanation

Groundnut, Horse-gram, and Soybean all belong to the pea family, scientifically known as Fabaceae or Leguminosae. These plants are characterized by their ability to fix nitrogen in the soil through a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules, making them important for soil fertility and agricultural sustainability.

Explanation

The '100 Million Farmers' initiative is a digital platform that leverages blockchain technology to facilitate the quick and secure trading of fertilizers among buyers, sellers, and third parties. This platform aims to streamline the fertilizer trade process and enhance efficiency in the agricultural sector.

Explanation

India does import apples from the United States of America, making Statement-I incorrect. However, Statement-II is correct as India does have laws that regulate the import of Genetically Modified food products, requiring approval from the competent authority before their entry into the country.

Explanation

India has more arable land than China, but the proportion of irrigated area is higher in China. However, the average productivity per hectare in Chinese agriculture is higher than that in India.

Explanation

'Small Farmer Large Field' concept involves marginal farmers in an area coming together to form groups and coordinate their agricultural activities. By working collectively, these farmers can optimize their resources, share knowledge, and enhance productivity. This approach helps in addressing the challenges faced by individual small farmers and promotes sustainable agriculture practices.

Explanation

Niger seeds in India are covered under the Minimum Support Price scheme. Niger is primarily cultivated as a Kharif crop in the country. Additionally, niger seed oil is commonly used for cooking by some tribal communities in India.

Explanation

Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Himachal Pradesh are generally known as tea-producing States in India. These States have suitable climatic conditions and terrains for tea cultivation, which is a significant agricultural activity in these regions. Tripura, on the other hand, is not traditionally recognized as a major tea-producing State in India.

Explanation

Alfalfa, chickpea, and clover are nitrogen-fixing plants. These plants have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules, which convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use for growth. This process helps in enriching the soil with nitrogen, benefiting other plants in the ecosystem.

Explanation

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method involves practices such as reduced seed requirement by using younger seedlings, reduced methane production due to aerobic soil conditions from alternate wetting and drying, and reduced electricity consumption as it requires less water for irrigation compared to traditional methods.

Explanation

Permaculture farming differs from conventional chemical farming in several ways. Permaculture discourages monocultural practices, avoids soil salinity issues, and emphasizes mulching, whereas conventional chemical farming often relies on monoculture, can lead to soil salinity, and may not prioritize mulching.

Explanation

Sugarcane is the least water-efficient crop among the options provided. It is a water-intensive crop, requiring a significant amount of water for growth and cultivation. This high water requirement makes sugarcane less efficient compared to other crops like sunflower, pearl millet, and red gram.

Explanation

India cultivates various types of pulses, making it surprising that green gram alone contributes almost half of the pulse production. Therefore, statement 2 is inaccurate. Analyzing PIB production data from 2016 to 2018, it appears that gram (chana) and tur production surpass that of green gram (moong), further indicating the inaccuracy of statement 2. The assertion in statement 3 about a clear increase in kharif pulses production and decrease in rabi pulses production over the past three decades is not supported by the data. However, the information provided about black gram (urad) cultivation being feasible for both kharif and rabi seasons is correct, supporting statement 1.

Explanation

In agriculture, fertigation offers several benefits. It allows for controlling the alkalinity of irrigation water, efficient application of phosphatic fertilizers like Rock Phosphate, increased availability of nutrients to plants, and reduction in the leaching of chemical nutrients. The correct advantages of fertigation are controlling irrigation water alkalinity, increased nutrient availability, and reduced leaching of chemical nutrients.

Explanation

In agriculture, zero tillage offers several advantages. It allows for the sowing of wheat without the need to burn the residue of the previous crop. Additionally, direct planting of paddy seeds in wet soil is made possible without the requirement of a nursery for rice saplings. Moreover, zero tillage promotes carbon sequestration in the soil. The Union government is encouraging the use of tools like Happy Seeders and Zero Till Seed Drills to support these practices. Therefore, the correct answer is option (d) 1, 2, and 3.

Explanation

The crop in question is a subtropical plant that is sensitive to frost. It needs around 210 frost-free days and 50 to 100 centimeters of rainfall to thrive. It prefers light, well-drained soil that can retain moisture. Among the options provided, cotton fits these requirements best. Sugarcane, which needs 75-100cm of rainfall annually and may require irrigation in low rainfall areas, can be eliminated. Jute requires high temperature, heavy rainfall, and a humid climate, while tea thrives in cool climates with consistent high rainfall. Therefore, based on the given characteristics, cotton is the most suitable option.

Explanation

Biochar is a type of stable and carbon-rich charcoal that is used in soil. Biochar made from manures and food wastes has been found to have higher levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, supporting statement 2. Additionally, certain types of biochar can enhance soil fertility, help soil retain water better, and increase crop productivity, supporting statement 3. As there is only one option that includes both statements 2 and 3, the correct answer is 'd'.

Explanation

In the context of India, eco-friendly agriculture practices include crop diversification, legume intensification, tensiometer use, and vertical farming. Crop diversification helps reduce the reliance on herbicides, while tensiometers provide soil moisture estimates. Vertical farming is known for its reduced water and pesticide usage compared to traditional agricultural methods. This makes options 1, 2, 3, and 4 the correct answer.

Explanation

Researchers have been able to grow meristems of crops like banana, sugarcane, and potato through tissue culture. In challenging weather conditions, single-budded setts are more susceptible to damage compared to setts with multiple buds. Therefore, statement 3 is incorrect.

Explanation

During the Columbian Exchange in the 15th and 16th centuries, various plants, animals, and microbes were exchanged between the old world (Europe, Asia, and Africa) and the new world (Americas). The introduction of Cocoa and Tobacco from the new world to the old world is depicted in the provided image, confirming that option (a) - Tobacco, cocoa, and rubber - is the correct group of plants that were domesticated in the new world and introduced into the old world.

Explanation

In the last five years, the cultivation of Kharif crops in India has shown certain trends. Among the given statements, the correct ones are: the area under rice cultivation is the highest, and the area of cotton cultivation is more than that of sugarcane. The statement about the steady decrease in the area under sugarcane cultivation is also correct. Therefore, the correct answer is option (a) 1 and 3 only. Explanation: The area under jowar cultivation is 5.1 million hectares, while for oilseeds, it is 26.2 million hectares. This means that statement 2 is incorrect. By eliminating this option, we are left with the correct answer of 1 and 3 only.

Explanation

According to information provided by the Commerce Ministry, Vegetable Oils have recorded the highest import value among agricultural commodities imported by India in the last five years.

Explanation

In the context of Indian agriculture, the concept of 'Conservation Agriculture' is important. Conservation Agriculture includes practices such as avoiding monoculture, adopting minimum tillage, using crop residues to cover the soil surface, and implementing spatial and temporal crop sequencing or rotations. The correct options that fall under Conservation Agriculture are 2, 4, and 5. This information was highlighted in the February 2018 issue of Kurukshetra magazine on Agriculture, specifically focusing on the importance of minimum soil disturbance, maximum soil cover, and crop sequencing.

Explanation

In the NSSO 70th Round 'Situation Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households', it was found that Rajasthan has the highest proportion of agricultural households among its rural households. Additionally, over 60% of the total agricultural households in India are classified as Other Backward Classes (OBCs). In Kerala, a little over 60% of agricultural households reported that their primary source of income was from activities other than agriculture. Therefore, statements 1 and 3 are correct.

Explanation

In relation to agricultural soils, we have the following statements to consider: 1. A high level of organic matter in soil significantly increases its ability to retain water. 2. Soil does not have a role in the Sulphur cycle. 3. Continuous irrigation can lead to the salinization of certain agricultural lands. The correct statement(s) are: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3. The correct answer is (b) 3 only. Explanation: Humus, which is organic matter, improves the soil's capacity to hold water. Therefore, statement 1 is incorrect. By process of elimination, we are left with Option (b) as the answer, which indicates that only statement 3 is correct.

Explanation

The 'Soil Health Card Scheme' is a nationwide initiative that provides farmers with information about the quality of their soil, helping them choose the right fertilizers to use. This means that the statement about checking the overuse of fertilizers in farmlands (Statement 3) is correct. The other statements about expanding the cultivable area under irrigation and enabling banks to assess loans based on soil quality are not relevant to the Soil Health Card Scheme.

Explanation

The National Agriculture Market (NAM) scheme offers several advantages. Firstly, it serves as a nationwide electronic trading platform for agricultural products in India. Secondly, it allows farmers to access markets across the country and receive prices that match the quality of their goods. The correct answer is option (c) - Both statements 1 and 2 are accurate, as confirmed by a Government notification.

Explanation

In agriculture, practices that aid in water conservation include reduced or zero tillage, leaving crop residue in the field, and applying gypsum before irrigation. These methods help retain soil moisture and reduce water loss. While there was some debate among experts, the correct answer chosen by UPSC is option (c), which includes both reduced tillage and retaining crop residue.

Explanation

Practicing drip irrigation offers several advantages, as stated by Tamilnadu Agriculture University. These include water conservation, increased crop yield, improved fruit quality and size, compatibility with various soil types, easy application of fertilizers and chemicals, labor savings, and reduced weed growth and soil erosion. Following the exam, there was a debate among experts regarding whether the reduction in soil salinity and erosion should both be considered benefits of drip irrigation. However, the official UPSC answer key confirms that the correct response is option (c), which indicates that reductions in weed formation and soil erosion are advantages of implementing drip irrigation.

Explanation

The 'Initiative for Nutritional Security through Intensive Millets Promotion' focuses on showcasing enhanced production and post-harvest technologies, as well as value addition techniques, in a coordinated manner with a cluster-based approach. This initiative primarily benefits poor, small, marginal, and tribal farmers. The correct statements are the first and second ones. While the scheme aims to provide free kits of essential inputs to farmers, there is no provision mentioned for encouraging commercial crop farmers to transition to millet cultivation or offering micro-irrigation equipment.

Explanation

In medieval India, the term 'Araghatta' refers to a waterwheel used for irrigating land. This device, also known as the Persian wheel, was operated by draught animals like bullocks, buffaloes, or camels. The Sanskrit word 'Araghatta' was used in ancient texts to describe this mechanical water lifting device.

Explanation

Using nitrogenous fertilizers excessively or inappropriately can lead to the proliferation of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in the soil, as well as an increase in soil acidity. Additionally, it can result in the leaching of nitrate into groundwater. The correct answer is option (c), which includes the impacts of an increase in soil acidity and nitrate leaching due to the excessive/inappropriate use of nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture.

Explanation

The Neem tree is known for its versatile uses. Neem oil is effective as a pesticide against certain insects and mites, making it a natural alternative for pest control. Additionally, Neem seeds are utilized in the production of biofuels and hospital detergents. Moreover, Neem oil is also valuable in the pharmaceutical industry due to its medicinal properties. Therefore, statements 1 and 3 are correct in relation to the applications of the Neem tree.

Explanation

In this question, the pairs given are Kinnaur - Areca nut, Mewat - Mango, and Coromandel - Soya bean. However, these pairings are not accurate. Kinnaur, located in Himachal Pradesh, is actually known for its apple production and not Areca nut. Areca nut cultivation is primarily found in Karnataka, Kerala, and Assam. Similarly, Mewat in Haryana is not renowned for mangoes; Uttar Pradesh is famous for mango production. Additionally, the Coromandel coast is not a significant area for soya bean cultivation. The top producers of soya beans are Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra, which are not located along the Coromandel coast. Hence, the correct answer is option (d) None.

Explanation

All three statements are correct as maize can be utilized for starch production, its oil can serve as a biodiesel feedstock, and it can also be used in the production of alcoholic beverages.

Explanation

In the Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative, the production of sugarcane is done with a focus on sustainability. This approach offers benefits such as lower seed costs, effective use of drip irrigation, and increased potential for intercropping. Unlike conventional methods, no chemical or inorganic fertilizers are used. The correct option is (b) 1, 2, and 4 only. The statement regarding the application of NPK fertilizers does not align with this initiative, eliminating options (a), (c), and (d). Hence, the correct answer is (b).

Explanation

In the given pairs, the Drought-Prone Area Programme is correctly matched with the Ministry of Rural Development. The Desert Development Programme is also correctly associated with the Ministry of Rural Development. However, the National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas is incorrectly matched with the Ministry of Agriculture. Therefore, none of the pairs are correctly matched, leading to the correct answer being option (d) None.

Explanation

The Integrated Watershed Development Programme brings several advantages. These include preventing soil runoff, connecting perennial rivers with seasonal rivers, harvesting rainwater, recharging groundwater, and restoring natural vegetation. The correct benefits associated with this program are preventing soil runoff, rainwater harvesting, groundwater table recharge, and natural vegetation regeneration.

Explanation

Cluster bean, also known as Guar, has traditionally been utilized in India as a vegetable or animal feed. However, its cultivation has recently gained importance. The correct statement in this context is that the gum derived from Guar seeds is used in the extraction of shale gas. This gum plays a crucial role in hydraulic fracturing technology during the process of shale gas extraction.

Explanation

Vegetative propagation is a type of plant reproduction that does not involve seeds. It creates identical copies of the parent plant, known as clones. This process relies on mitosis, ensuring that the genetic material of the new plant is identical to the original. It can be carried out at any time of the year. However, it is important to note that vegetative propagation does not rid plants of viruses. Once a plant is infected, it will typically remain so for its entire lifespan, including any parts taken for propagation.

Explanation

Contour bunding is a technique used to conserve soil and water in areas with sloping land. This method helps prevent erosion of soil and nutrients, which can occur quickly on sloped land, making agriculture there economically challenging. The process involves marking the contours of agricultural fields and constructing bunds along these contours for effective soil conservation.

Explanation

In the list of crops provided, rice, groundnut, and cotton are categorized as Kharif crops, while wheat is classified as a Rabi crop. Therefore, the correct answer is option (c) 1, 2, and 3.

Explanation

The Government of India promotes the cultivation of sea buckthorn due to its significant benefits. Sea buckthorn helps in preventing soil erosion and desertification, serves as a valuable source of biodiesel, offers nutritional value, and thrives in cold, high-altitude regions. Its timber also holds considerable commercial value. The correct statements from the options given are 1 and 3 only.

Explanation

Mixed farming involves the simultaneous practice of crop cultivation and animal rearing.

Explanation

These crops - cowpea, green gram, and pigeon pea - are all leguminous crops, known for their ability to fix nitrogen from the air through a process called symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

Explanation

In India, groundnut, sesamum, and pearl millet are primarily grown with rainfall as their main source of water.

Explanation

In micro-irrigation, the use of fertigation helps reduce nutrient loss, making the first statement correct. However, the second statement is incorrect as micro-irrigation is not the sole method of irrigation in dryland farming. The third statement is true because micro-irrigation can help prevent the decline of the groundwater table in certain farming areas.

Explanation

Salinization is the process where salts and minerals are left behind in the soil as irrigation water evaporates. This can result in soil impermeability over time on the irrigated land.

Explanation

In the cultivation of coffee and tea on hill slopes, there are differences in their requirements. Coffee plants thrive in hot and humid tropical climates, while tea plants can be grown in both tropical and subtropical regions. Additionally, coffee is propagated from seeds, whereas tea is propagated exclusively from stem cuttings. Statement 1 is correct, as it highlights the different climatic needs of coffee and tea plants.

Explanation

In India, various types of soil erosion can occur, including Normal or Geologic Erosion, Accelerated Soil Erosion, Wind Erosion, Water Erosion, Sheet Erosion, Gully Erosion, Landslides or Slip Erosion, and Stream-bank Erosion.

Explanation

The National Food Security Mission aims to boost the production of specific crops by expanding cultivation areas and improving productivity sustainably in selected districts across the country. The crops targeted for this initiative are rice, wheat, and pulses. By the end of the Eleventh Plan, the goal is to increase rice production by 10 million tons, wheat by 8 million tons, and pulses by 2 million tons.

Explanation

Tamil Nadu is a major producer of mill-made cotton yarn in India due to the availability of a skilled workforce and the presence of black cotton soil, which is well-suited for cotton cultivation. In this case, the correct reason is the availability of a rich pool of skilled labor.

Explanation

Maize is a carbohydrate-rich crop that is well-suited for ethanol production among the energy crops listed.

Explanation

The Agaria community is a group of traditional salt pan workers residing in Gujarat, India.

Explanation

India has the largest livestock population in the world, with 57% of the global buffalo population and 14% of the cattle population. The 17th India's Livestock Census in 2003 reported approximately 18.5 crore cattle and 9.8 crore buffalo, making for a total livestock count of 48-50 crore and a total poultry count of 48.90 crore.

Explanation

In the given question, it was stated that Chikmagalur is recognized for sugar production and Mandya is known for coffee production. However, the correct information is that Chikmagalur is famous for coffee production, while Mandya is renowned for sugar and paper production. Therefore, the correct answer is neither statement 1 nor 2 are correct.

Explanation

In India, rice production is 96.43 million tonnes, wheat production is 78.4 million tonnes, pulses production is 15.11 million tonnes, and coarse cereals production is 40.73 million tonnes. Therefore, the correct sequence in decreasing order of production is Rice - Wheat - Coarse Cereals - Pulses, as per the given data.

Explanation

Tea plantations can be found in African countries such as Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda, which contradicts the assertion that there are no tea plantations in any African country. The reason provided, that tea plants require fertile soil with high humus content, is accurate. Therefore, the correct option is that the assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Explanation

Topic: Agriculture Question: In Andhra Pradesh, the net sown area percentage is lower compared to West Bengal due to the predominance of laterite soil in Andhra Pradesh. Options: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A (b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A (c) A is true but R is false (d) A is false but R is true Correct: (c) Original: Laterite soil is typically found in regions with high rainfall and temperature fluctuations, making it suitable for cultivating crops like rice, ragi, and sugarcane. Rewritten explanation: Laterite soil, commonly found in areas with high rainfall and temperature variations, is well-suited for the cultivation of crops such as rice, ragi, and sugarcane.

Explanation

India is the sole country globally that produces all five major types of silk commercially. Additionally, India holds the title of being the top sugar producer globally. This means that statement 1 is correct, making option (a) the right answer.

Explanation

In the list of crops provided, Cotton, Groundnut, and Maize are categorized as kharif crops, while Mustard is classified as a rabi crop. This means that the correct answer is option (b), which includes all three kharif crops in the list.

Explanation

In this question about agriculture, the assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect. The western coast of India actually receives more rainfall than the eastern coast. However, the eastern coast's climate, with temperatures between 20-27°C, heavy clay soil, and higher rainfall, is more conducive to rice cultivation. This is why the correct option is (c) - A is true but R is false.

Explanation

India is the birthplace of the cotton plant and is the world leader in terms of the total area devoted to cotton cultivation, representing 20% of the global total. India also pioneered the development of the first hybrid cotton variety, including H-4, Raj-16, Dhanalaxmi, and Fateh.

Explanation

In the given question, the statement that India ranks first in the world in fruit production is incorrect. Similarly, the statement that India ranks second in the world in the export of tobacco is also incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is option (d) Neither 1 nor 2. India actually ranks 2nd in fruit production and 6th in tobacco production globally.

Explanation

In Indian agriculture, it is correct that approximately 90% of the land used for growing pulses relies on rain for irrigation. Despite this, pulses require less water for cultivation, leading to challenges in pulse production.

Explanation

In India, the high yielding wheat varieties Arjun and Sonalika were developed by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.

Explanation

The bar diagram illustrates the yearly production of a specific agricultural product from 1991-92 to 1998-99. The product in question is Rice, as indicated by the data presented in the diagram.

Explanation

The dense population in the Nile valley and Java islands is mainly attributed to intensive farming practices made possible by the fertile alluvial soil in these areas. This fertile land has allowed for high agricultural productivity, leading to a concentration of people in these regions.

Explanation

In India, the correct sequence in decreasing order of the four states producing sugarcane is Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh. The production figures for these states in the year 2012-13 are as follows: Uttar Pradesh - 132427.6842, Maharashtra - 69648.0768, Tamil Nadu - 33919.17, and Andhra Pradesh - 15567.

Explanation

In India, Maharashtra leads in the cultivation of Jawar. Gujarat is the top producer of groundnut in the country, accounting for over 50% of the total production. Rajasthan possesses the largest area of cultivable wastelands in India, measuring approximately 84,929 sq. km. In terms of per-hectare maize yield, Andhra Pradesh takes the top spot, followed by Tamil Nadu, mainly due to the extensive use of Single Cross Hybrids (SCH).

Explanation

In Australia, cattle farming is primarily focused on meat production rather than milk. This is because Australians, in general, have a preference for non-vegetarian food. Therefore, the assertion that cattle rearing in Australia is more for meat than milk is true. However, the reason given that Australians are traditionally non-vegetarians does not fully explain this fact. Thus, the correct answer is option (b), where both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not a direct explanation of the assertion.

Explanation

In ancient times, Jainism's strong focus on non-violence, or ahimsa, made it difficult for farmers to adopt Jainism because farming activities often required the killing of insects and pests. This is why both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason provides the correct explanation for the assertion.

Explanation

In the provided map, the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute is located in Cochin, marked as '5'. The Central Sheep Breeding Farm can be found in Hissar, marked as '2'. The National Dairy Research Institute is situated in Karnal, marked as '1'. The National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management is based in Hyderabad, marked as '4'.

Explanation

In the given question, we are asked to match different crops with their respective required rainfall and temperature conditions. Cotton cultivation thrives best with 1500-2000 mm of rainfall and temperatures between 25°-35°C. Flax cultivation, on the other hand, requires 600-800 mm of rainfall and temperatures ranging from 5°-18°C. Sugar beet grows well in climates with 500-600 mm of rainfall and temperatures of 18°-22°C. Jute cultivation is successful with 500-1000 mm of rainfall and temperatures between 18°-22°C. By matching these conditions with the crops, the correct answer is option (d): A-4; B-3; C-5; D-2.

Explanation

In this question, you were asked to match agricultural products with the states that are their foremost producers. The correct matching is: Cotton with Gujarat, Gram with Madhya Pradesh, Black pepper with Kerala, and Pineapple with West Bengal. Gujarat leads in cotton production, Madhya Pradesh in gram, Kerala in black pepper, and West Bengal in pineapple.

Explanation

Onion is grown by planting seedlings that have been transplanted.

Explanation

In this agriculture matching exercise, Barley thrives in a cool environment with low-quality soil, even in high latitudes like beyond the Arctic circle. On the other hand, Rice flourishes in hot and humid conditions with fertile soil. Millets are suited for hot and arid climates with less fertile soil, while Tea plants prefer warm and humid climates at higher altitudes. The correct match is A-2; B-4; C-1; D-3, as indicated.

Explanation

The locations marked on the map represent different regions known for specific crops. 'A' corresponds to Gujarat, famous for groundnut cultivation. 'B' indicates the western part of Maharashtra, renowned for sugarcane production. 'C' signifies the southern part of Orissa and the northern part of Andhra Pradesh, where ragi is extensively grown. 'D' represents Andhra Pradesh, where tobacco is a major crop.

Explanation

In India, the major oilseeds produced are Sesamum, Mustard, Groundnut, and Soyabean. The correct sequence in descending order of their production quantities is Groundnut, Soyabean, Mustard, and Sesamum.

Explanation

Wheat is a crop that thrives in temperate regions, requiring a balance of moderate temperature and rainfall. Ideal conditions for a good wheat crop include temperatures not exceeding 20°C and rainfall ranging between 50-100 cm, along with a frost-free growing season.

Explanation

One of the significant crops grown in the Barak valley is jute. This is due to the favorable climatic conditions in the region, with temperatures ranging from 25° to 30°C and rainfall ranging from 100 to 200 cm, which are ideal for jute cultivation.

Explanation

Option 1 is incorrect as Tapioca is not a significant crop in Kerala.

Explanation

The largest amount of cotton in India is produced in the western and southern regions, specifically in Maharashtra (26.63%), Gujarat (17.67%), Andhra Pradesh (13.75%), and Madhya Pradesh.

Explanation

Rice has the highest production among cereals in India, but the quality of Indian rice is not as competitive as that of rice from other countries. The majority of the rice produced in India is used for domestic consumption rather than international trade. India is a significant producer and exporter of Basmati rice.

Explanation

The map shows four areas shaded in different colors, with three indicating regions where cereal crops are grown and one indicating a region where non-cereal crops are grown. Based on the key provided, the area that produces non-cereal crops is: Options: (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 Correct: (d) Original: Cotton is cultivated in that region. Rewritten explanation: In that specific region, cotton is cultivated.

Explanation

Coffee cultivation in Sri Lanka was discontinued due to a specific disease. This disease, known as leaf rust, impacts both the fruit and leaves of the coffee plant. The fungus responsible for this disease is called Hemileia Vastarix.