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Moderates Extremists

Asked 5 times in UPSC Prelims · first asked 1998 · last asked 2015

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Which one of the following movements has contributed to a split in the Indian National Congress resulting in the emergence of 'moderates' and 'extremists'?

2015History

ASwadeshi Movement

BQuit India Movement

CNon-Cooperation Movement

DCivil Disobedience Movement

Explanation

In the year 1907, the Surat split occurred within the Indian National Congress, leading to the separation of moderates and extremists. This division was influenced by the Swadeshi Movement that was ongoing at that time.

With reference to the period of extremist nationalist movement in India with its spirit of Swadeshi, which one of the following statements in not correct?

2002History

ALiaquat Hussain led the Muslim peasants of Barisal in their agitation

BIn 1889, the scheme of national education was formulated by Satish Chandra Mukherjee

CThe Bengal National College was founded in 1906 with Aurobindo as the Principal

DTagore preached the cult of Atmasakti, the main plank of which was social and economic regeneration of the villages

Explanation

During the period of the extremist nationalist movement in India, the spirit of Swadeshi was prominent. One of the statements provided is not correct. The incorrect statement is option (a), which states that Liaquat Hussain led the Muslim peasants of Barisal in their agitation. In reality, the Barisal movement was for salt breaking during the civil disobedience movement and was not led by Liaquat Hussain.

The Indian Muslims, in general, were not attracted to the Extremist movement because of:

1998History

Ainfluence of Sir Sayed Ahmed Khan

Banti-Muslim attitude of Extremist leaders

Cindifference shown to Muslim aspirations

Dextremists' policy of harping on Hindu aspect

Explanation

The Extremists were known for their dedication to the cause of the nation, willing to make any sacrifice, even their lives. They aimed to inspire self-respect and patriotism in the people by recalling historical figures like Ashoka, Shivaji, Maharana Pratap, and Rani Laxmibai. However, the Extremists' focus on highlighting Hindu historical figures led to a lack of interest from the Indian Muslim community in their movement.

Which one of the following defines extremist ideology during the early phase of Indian freedom movement?

1998History

AStimulating the production of indigenous articles by giving them preference over imported commodities

BObtaining self-government by aggressive means in place of petitions and constitutional ways

CProviding national educational according to the requirements of the country

DOrganising coups against the British empire through military revolt

Explanation

In the early phase of the Indian freedom movement, the extremist ideology was characterized by a shift towards aggressive methods to achieve self-government instead of relying on peaceful petitions and constitutional means. This approach marked a departure from the moderate group's tactics and aimed for direct confrontation with the British Empire.

Assertion (A): Partition of Bengal in 1905 brought to an end the moderates' role in the Indian freedom movement. Reason (R): The Surat session of Indian National Congress separated the Extremists from the Moderates.

1998History

ABoth A and R are true but R is the correct explanation of A

BBoth A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A

CA is true but R is false

DA is false but R is true

Explanation

After the partition of Bengal in 1905, the moderates' role in the Indian freedom movement did not come to an end, making assertion A false. The Extremists and Moderates did separate at the Surat session in 1907, but they reunited at the Lucknow session in 1916. Thus, Reason R is true as it correctly states the events at the Surat session. Therefore, the correct option is (d) where A is false but R is true.