Poverty Unemployment

Explanation

In India, official poverty lines differ between states due to variations in price levels. Poverty lines are calculated based on state-specific figures and adjusted using the Consumer Price Index. Therefore, the correct option is (b) Price levels vary from state to state.

Explanation

Small Finance Banks (SFBs) are established in India with the primary goal of providing credit to small business units and small and marginal farmers. Additionally, they aim to promote the establishment of businesses, especially among young entrepreneurs in rural areas. When the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) called for applications to set up SFBs, the specific focus was on providing credit to small business units and small and marginal farmers only.

Explanation

In the Atal Pension Yojana, multiple family members can join the scheme without any restrictions.

Explanation

The 'Stand up India Scheme' was introduced by the Prime Minister to encourage entrepreneurship among Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes and women. It includes a Rs 10,000 crore refinance option provided by the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI).

Explanation

Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana, operating under the Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency (MUDRA) Bank, is an initiative by the Indian government to support funding for small businesses that are not part of larger corporations. This program aims to bring small entrepreneurs into the formal financial system.

Explanation

The Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is a national initiative aimed at promoting financial inclusion by ensuring access to financial services for all individuals in the country.

Explanation

Disguised unemployment refers to a situation where individuals are employed but their contribution to productivity is minimal or zero, meaning that their presence in the workforce does not make a significant impact.

Explanation

The Multi-dimensional Poverty Index, developed by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative in collaboration with UNDP, focuses on assessing the lack of education, healthcare, assets, and services within households.

Explanation

Microfinance involves offering financial services to individuals in low-income brackets, encompassing both consumers and self-employed individuals. These services include credit, savings, insurance, and fund transfers. The correct answer to the question is option (d) - 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Explanation

Under the 'Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act', all adult members of any household are eligible to benefit, regardless of their caste, poverty status, or community affiliation. This means that any adult member of a registered household can apply for work opportunities provided under the Act.

Explanation

In order to achieve inclusive growth, the government can promote Self-Help Groups, support Micro Small and Medium Enterprises, and implement the Right to Education Act. These measures aim to empower both economically and socially marginalized individuals.

Explanation

In the Eleventh Five Year Plan, inclusive growth is described as broad-based, shared, and pro-poor growth. It aims to reduce poverty, extend employment opportunities, and decrease gender inequality. However, it does not focus on strengthening the capital market, which is allowed to function independently in the open market.

Explanation

In India, steps taken towards achieving 'financial inclusion' include the nationalization of banks, the formation of Regional Rural Banks, and the adoption of villages by bank branches. 'Financial inclusion' aims to provide affordable financial services to disadvantaged and low-income groups, ensuring that banking and payment services are accessible to the entire population without discrimination.

Explanation

The Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana, starting from 1-12-1997, aims to provide job opportunities to urban poor who are unemployed or underemployed. The scheme does not include the Prime Minister's Rozgar Yojana. Within the SJSRY, there are two sub-schemes: the Urban self-employment program and the Urban wage employment program. Additionally, three other schemes - Nehru Rozgar Yojana, Urban Basic Services Programme, and Prime Minister's Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Programme - were merged into this program.

Explanation

The National Renewal Fund was introduced by the Government in 1991 under the New Industrial Policy. It was officially established through a Government of India resolution on February 3, 1992.

Explanation

The Employment Assurance Scheme was introduced on October 2, 1993. It aimed to provide wage employment to a maximum of two adults per family.

Explanation

In India, individuals below the poverty line are identified based on their eligibility for a minimum prescribed food basket. This criterion determines whether a person falls below the poverty line.

Explanation

According to the Central Statistical Organisation's recent data, the highest level of poverty is found among tribal communities in Bihar, Orissa, and Madhya Pradesh.

Explanation

The Human Poverty Index (HPI) was included in the Human Development Report in 1997 as a measure of living standards in a nation. It was created by the United Nations (UN) to supplement the Human Development Index (HDI).

Explanation

Poverty alleviation programs in India are often supported by international agencies through intergovernmental agreements. These agencies typically provide technical assistance, soft loans that need to be repaid with interest, grants that do not need to be repaid, and food assistance that requires repayment. The correct statement is that options 1, 2, and 3 are accurate.

Explanation

The Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) aimed to create job opportunities primarily for those living below the poverty line, with a focus on Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and freed bonded laborers. The scheme also reserved 30% of the employment opportunities for women in rural areas.