Rights Issues Policies

Explanation

Expenditures that benefit the company directly or its employees are not considered as CSR activities as per the CSR rules in India. This is to ensure that CSR initiatives focus on benefiting society at large rather than serving the company's interests. The statement that CSR rules do not specify minimum spending on CSR activities is incorrect, as the rules mandate a minimum spending threshold for eligible companies.

Explanation

Subrahmanyam Jaishankar is the author of the books 'The India Way' and 'Why Bharat Matters'. He is an Indian diplomat and politician who served as the Minister of External Affairs of India. Jaishankar's books delve into India's foreign policy, strategic affairs, and its role on the global stage.

Explanation

Article 335 of the Constitution of India does not define the term 'efficiency of administration'. It only states that the claims of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes shall be taken into consideration consistently with the maintenance of efficiency of administration. However, the Supreme Court has indeed held in some judgments that reservation policies under Article 16(4) can be limited by Article 335 for the maintenance of efficiency of administration.

Explanation

'Right to the City' is recognized as a human right, and the UN-Habitat oversees countries' commitments to this right. It entails granting city residents the right to reclaim public spaces and participate in city governance, emphasizing public participation. This right does not necessarily imply that the State must provide public services to unauthorized colonies in the city.

Explanation

The Ministry of Tribal Affairs is the nodal agency for the effective implementation of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 at the national level. This ministry is responsible for the welfare and development of tribal communities in India, including the protection of their forest rights as per the provisions of the Act.

Explanation

In accordance with the Aadhar Act of 2016, Aadhar Metadata can be retained for up to six months. It is not compulsory to have an Aadhar card to buy insurance products. The Supreme Court has decreed that any welfare program funded by the Consolidated Fund of India must mandate Aadhar.

Explanation

In India, Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) are found in 18 States and one Union Territory. One of the criteria for determining PVTG status is a population that is either stagnant or declining. There are officially 95 PVTGs identified in the country. The tribes Irular and Konda Reddi are included in the list of PVTGs. The correct statements are: 1, 2, and 4, as per the given options.

Explanation

The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017 states that a woman with less than two children is entitled to 26 weeks of paid leave - three months before delivery and three months after. However, if she has two or more children, the maternity benefit is reduced to 12 weeks. Additionally, the Act allows for four visits to the creche per day, not six as previously mentioned. The correct statement from the given options is that women with two children receive reduced entitlements, making option (c) 3 only the correct answer.

Explanation

There are 92 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) officially recognized in India. These groups are spread across 18 states and one union territory. The criteria for determining PVTG status include a stagnant or declining population. The Irular and Konda Reddi tribes are among the PVTGs. The correct statements are 1, 2, and 4, as mentioned in option (c).

Explanation

The recent amendment to the Indian Forest Act, 1927 removed bamboos from the definition of trees and allowed forest dwellers to fell bamboos in forest areas without needing a permit. This makes statement 1 incorrect. According to the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, bamboo is classified as a minor forest produce. This means statement 2 is correct. Therefore, the correct answer is (b) 2 and 3 only.

Explanation

The Rule of Law Index is published by the World Justice Project. The latest report for 2017-18 assessed 113 countries on their adherence to the rule of law during that time. India was ranked 62nd, surpassing China, Pakistan, Myanmar, and Bangladesh. Denmark secured the top position in the rankings.

Explanation

The National Food Security Act, 2013 was implemented to ensure food security for 67% of the population. The Act does not rely on poverty estimates for coverage. Pregnant women and lactating mothers are eligible to receive a 'take-home ration' of 600 Calories, as per the provisions of the NFSA.

Explanation

The International Labour Organization's Conventions 138 and 182 address the issue of child labor. Convention 138 specifies that the minimum age for starting work should not be lower than the age of completing compulsory education, and in any case, not below 15 years. Convention 182 focuses on the urgent prohibition of the "Worst Forms of Child Labour."

Explanation

In India, the correct relationship between Rights and Duties is that they are correlative. This means that they are closely connected and cannot exist without each other.

Explanation

The first action to achieve equality is to abolish the formal system of inequality and privileges.

Explanation

The Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act, 1988 (PBPT Act) addresses transactions where a property is held in someone else's name. The Act allows for confiscation of properties held benami by the Government. It establishes three authorities for investigations, but lacks an appellate mechanism. Therefore, the correct statement is that properties held benami are liable for confiscation by the Government, making option (b) "2 only" the correct answer.

Explanation

District Mineral Foundations (DMFs) in India serve the purpose of protecting the interests of individuals impacted by mining operations and ensuring that the benefits of mining activities reach the affected areas. They are established as non-profit trusts in mineral-rich districts to address the needs and concerns of communities affected by mining activities. The correct answer to the question regarding the purposes of DMFs is option (b), which indicates that their primary role is to safeguard the interests of those affected by mining operations.

Explanation

In accordance with the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, the authority responsible for initiating the process to determine individual or community forest rights is the Gram Sabha. This body is chosen because of its inclusive and transparent nature, allowing all community members to participate in the decision-making process.

Explanation

In India, consumers have certain rights protected by law. They can take samples for food testing and in the unfortunate event of a consumer's death, their legal heir has the right to file a complaint on their behalf in a consumer forum.

Explanation

In India, if a religious sect or community is designated as a national minority, it is entitled to specific advantages. These include the ability to set up and manage their own educational institutions and access benefits under the Prime Minister's 15-Point Programme. However, there is no automatic nomination of a community representative to the Lok Sabha by the President as is the case for Anglo-Indians. Therefore, the correct statements are that the community can establish educational institutions and benefit from the 15-Point Programme.

Explanation

People with disabilities in India are entitled to various benefits under the law. These include free schooling in government schools until the age of 18, preferential allocation of land for starting businesses, and the provision of ramps in public buildings. All three statements are correct, making option (d) the correct answer.

Explanation

In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 25 states that everyone has the right to a decent standard of living that includes essentials like food, clothing, housing, and medical care. It also guarantees security in situations like unemployment, illness, or old age. Article 21(2) ensures equal access to public services, while Article 26(1) declares the right to education, particularly at the basic levels. These rights correspond to the options provided in the question, making all three - right to education, equal access to public service, and right to food - Human Rights according to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Explanation

In the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, all rights of development, expression, and recreation are considered as rights of the child. This convention, adopted on November 20, 1989, is the initial globally enforceable agreement to encompass a comprehensive set of human rights, including civil, cultural, economic, political, and social rights.

Explanation

The National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007 applies specifically to individuals impacted by land acquisition for projects, not to those involuntarily displaced for other reasons. The policy was developed by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. Statement 1 is correct, while Statement 2 is not.

Explanation

The National Child Labour Project (NCLP) Scheme was introduced by the Indian government in 1988 to help in the rehabilitation of child laborers. The Gurupadaswamy Committee specifically addressed matters concerning child labor.

Explanation

The seventy-sixth Amendment to the Constitution of India did not add the provision for free and compulsory education to children aged 6-14 years; instead, this provision was included through the 86th Amendment Act.

Explanation

In the given question, the correct statement is (b) 2 only. The first statement is incorrect as the Indian Constitution does provide for equal pay for equal work for both men and women under Article 39(d) in the Directive Principles of State Policy in Part IV. Additionally, while the Constitution does not define backward classes, it is mandatory for the government to work towards the welfare of the Other Backward Classes (OBC) as per Article 340 of the Constitution.

Explanation

According to the latest information, the minority communities recognized by the Government of India include Sikhs, Muslims, Christians, Zoroastrians, Buddhists, and Jains. The National Commission for Minorities gained legal status in 1993. Jains are considered the smallest religious minority in India. The Constitution of India acknowledges and safeguards the rights of religious and linguistic minorities.

Explanation

In the list of pairs, only the combination of Hang Seng with Hong Kong is accurate. The other pairs are not correctly matched, as the stock market referred to as Seoul is incorrect. So, option (d) 1 and 3 is the correct choice.

Explanation

In 1996, Himachal Pradesh passed the Maintenance of Parents and Dependents Bill to ensure that elderly parents who are unable to support themselves receive prompt assistance. The law mandates that children must take responsibility for the care and maintenance of their aging parents.

Explanation

In Australia, Euthanasia is currently illegal, but voluntary assisted dying will become legal in Victoria in mid-2019. While rare, individuals have been charged for assisting in the suicide of others. The Northern Territory briefly allowed Euthanasia under the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995. However, in 1997, the Australian Federal Government invalidated this legislation with the Euthanasia Laws Act 1997.