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18 min read

Notes

Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are guidelines for the government to establish social and economic democracy.

**Classification of DPSP:**

1. **Socialist Principles:**

  • Art 38: Promote welfare of people
  • Art 39: Equal justice and free legal aid
  • Art 39A: Free legal aid
  • Art 41: Right to work, education
  • Art 42: Just and humane conditions of work
  • Art 43: Living wage for workers
  • Art 43A: Participation of workers in management

    • 2. **Gandhian Principles:**

  • Art 40: Organization of village panchayats
  • Art 43: Cottage industries
  • Art 46: Promotion of SC/ST interests
  • Art 47: Prohibition of intoxicating drinks
  • Art 48: Prohibition of cow slaughter

    • 3. **Liberal-Intellectual Principles:**

  • Art 44: Uniform Civil Code
  • Art 45: Early childhood care (amended from free education)
  • Art 48: Protection of environment
  • Art 48A: Protection of forests and wildlife
  • Art 49: Protection of monuments
  • Art 50: Separation of judiciary from executive
  • Art 51: Promotion of international peace

    • Key Concepts

    Part IV of Constitution (Articles 36-51)

    Borrowed from Irish Constitution

    Non-justiciable but fundamental in governance

    Classified into Socialist, Gandhian, and Liberal-Intellectual

    Conflict with Fundamental Rights resolved through amendments

    Important Facts

    • •[1950] DPSP borrowed from Irish ConstitutionIrish Constitution got it from Spanish Constitution
    • •[1976] 42nd Amendment gave primacy to DPSP over FR (Art 14, 19)Minerva Mills case (1980) restored balance
    • •[2002] Article 21A (Right to Education) was originally DPSP86th Amendment made it Fundamental Right

    Mnemonics & Memory Tricks

    Gandhian Principles

    PPCCP - Panchayats, Prohibition, Cottage industries, Cow protection, Promotion of SC/ST

    Liberal Principles

    USPEC - Uniform Civil Code, Separation of judiciary, Protection of monuments, Environment, Childhood care