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15 min read

Notes

Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Indian Constitution (Articles 12-35).

**The Six Fundamental Rights:**

1. **Right to Equality (Art 14-18)**

  • Equality before law
  • Prohibition of discrimination
  • Equality of opportunity in public employment
  • Abolition of untouchability
  • Abolition of titles
  • 2. **Right to Freedom (Art 19-22)**

  • Six freedoms under Art 19
  • Right to life and liberty (Art 21)
  • Right to education (Art 21A)
  • Protection against arrest and detention
  • 3. **Right Against Exploitation (Art 23-24)**

  • Prohibition of traffic in human beings
  • Prohibition of child labor
  • 4. **Right to Freedom of Religion (Art 25-28)**

  • Freedom of conscience and religion
  • Freedom to manage religious affairs
  • Freedom from religious instruction in state institutions
  • 5. **Cultural and Educational Rights (Art 29-30)**

  • Protection of minorities
  • Right to establish educational institutions
  • 6. **Right to Constitutional Remedies (Art 32)**

  • Dr. Ambedkar called it "Heart and Soul of the Constitution"
  • Five types of writs: Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, Quo Warranto
  • Key Concepts

    Article 12-35 of the Constitution

    Six Fundamental Rights

    Right to Property removed by 44th Amendment

    Available against State only

    Can be suspended during Emergency (except Art 20 & 21)

    Important Facts

    • •[1978] Right to Property was removed as a Fundamental Right44th Constitutional Amendment
    • •[2002] Right to Education was added as a Fundamental Right86th Constitutional Amendment (Article 21A)
    • •[1950] Original Constitution had 7 Fundamental RightsRight to Property was originally included

    Mnemonics & Memory Tricks

    Six Fundamental Rights

    EFFACE - Equality, Freedom, Against exploitation, Freedom of religion, Cultural rights, Constitutional remedies

    Five Writs

    HMPCQ - Habeas corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, Quo warranto