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Industries are defined as economic activities that involve the manufacturing of goods and services. In India, industries can be broadly classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors, contributing to economic development and employment generation.
The industrial development in India can be traced back to the British colonial period when the focus was primarily on raw materials extraction rather than manufacturing. Post-independence, the emphasis shifted towards building a self-reliant industrial base.
1. **Primary Industries**: Involves the extraction of natural resources (e.g., agriculture, mining).
2. **Secondary Industries**: Focuses on manufacturing processes (e.g., textiles, chemicals).
3. **Tertiary Industries**: Services that support primary and secondary industries (e.g., transportation, finance).
| Feature | Core Industries | Small Scale Industries |
|---------|----------------|-----------------------|
| Contribution to GDP | High | Moderate |
| Employment Generation | Significant | Major |
| Investment Requirement | High | Low |
### Connection to Static Concepts
These recent developments related to industries can be linked to the ongoing trends in industrial policies and environmental considerations in industrial planning, indicating the UPSC's focus on integrated approaches to industrial growth.
### Exam Relevance
UPSC may frame questions around the impacts of these initiatives on industrial efficiency and sustainability, along with the role of SIDBI in promoting small industries.
### Possible Question Angles
Small Scale Industries: Contribute to 40% of the gross turnover in the manufacturing sector (1997).
Indian Industrial Policy 1991: Liberalization, privatization, and globalization of the economy.
Public Sector Undertakings: Defined under the Companies Act, 1956; contribute significantly to the economy.
Core Industries: Eight core industries constitute 37.90% of the Index of Industrial Production (IIP).
Industrial Development: Focus on heavy industries during post-independence period; absence of these during British rule (1999).
Consumer Price Index Number: Brought out by the Labour Bureau; important for understanding inflation.
Industrial Centers: Major centers include Pune for automobiles, Tuticorin for pearl fishing, and Marmagao for shipbuilding (1999).
NTPC: Largest power utility in India; plays a crucial role in energy production.
C-F-N-C-R-I (Cement, Fertilizers, Natural gas, Coal, Refinery products, Infrastructure)
PST (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary)
N-O-M (NTPC, ONGC, BHEL) - remember for energy and engineering sectors.