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20 min read

Notes

The Indian National Movement was the struggle for independence from British rule.

**Phases of the Movement:**

1. **Moderate Phase (1885-1905):**

  • Leaders: Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Surendranath Banerjee
  • Methods: Petitions, prayers, protests, constitutional means
  • Achievements: Public awareness, drain theory, economic critique

    • 2. **Extremist Phase (1905-1919):**

  • Leaders: Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai
  • Slogans: "Swaraj is my birthright" (Tilak)
  • Methods: Boycott, Swadeshi, passive resistance
  • Key events: Bengal Partition (1905), Swadeshi Movement

    • 3. **Gandhian Era (1919-1947):**

  • Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22)
  • Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34)
  • Quit India Movement (1942)
  • Methods: Satyagraha, non-violence, civil disobedience

    • **Important Events:**

  • Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919)
  • Salt March/Dandi March (1930)
  • August Kranti (1942)

    • Key Concepts

    Formation of INC in 1885 by A.O. Hume

    Moderate Phase (1885-1905)

    Extremist Phase (1905-1919)

    Gandhian Era (1919-1947)

    Key movements: NCM, CDM, QIM

    Important Facts

    • •[1885] Indian National Congress foundedBy Allan Octavian Hume at Bombay
    • •[1905] Bengal Partition triggered Swadeshi MovementLord Curzon partitioned Bengal
    • •[1942] Quit India Movement launched"Do or Die" call by Gandhi on August 8

    Mnemonics & Memory Tricks

    Moderate Leaders

    DGS - Dadabhai, Gokhale, Surendranath

    Extremist Leaders (Lal-Bal-Pal)

    LBP - Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal

    Gandhian Movements

    NCQ - Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, Quit India